Gore-Tex is a microporous membrane made of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE). It contains over 1.4 billion pores per square centimeter. These pores are 20,000 times smaller than a water droplet, so water cannot penetrate inside, but 700 times larger than a water vapor molecule, so sweat evaporates freely to the outside.

Due to the difference in partial pressure (it is warmer and more humid inside the shoe), vapor naturally moves from the inner side of the membrane to the outer, ensuring the shoe "breathes."

Gore-Tex is a separate membrane film that is laminated to the fabric. Nano-Tex is a nanotechnological treatment of the fabric fibers themselves. Billions of tiny "whiskers" 10 nanometers long are applied to each fiber, creating a water-repellent effect (like a lotus leaf).

Nano-Tex advantage: better breathability, as the space between fibers remains open. Gore-Tex advantage: more reliable protection against water under pressure (deep puddles, snow).

With proper care, a Gore-Tex or Sympatex membrane can retain its properties for 5-10 years. Nano-Tex coating usually lasts 3-5 years of active use.

Key durability factors: regular renewal of DWR coating (special sprays), proper washing (membrane-specific detergents only), drying at room temperature, avoidance of oily creams.

Yes, but with caution. Use only special liquid detergents for membranes (Nikwax, Grangers). Regular laundry detergent contains abrasive particles and surfactants that can clog membrane pores or reduce water surface tension.

Settings: delicate cycle, temperature not exceeding 30°C, no spin. After washing — dry at room temperature, stuffing shoes with paper.

DWR (Durable Water Repellent) is a polymer coating on the outer layer of fabric that creates microscopic spikes. Thanks to them, water beads up and rolls off without saturating the fabric.

Over time, DWR wears off from friction and dirt. When the outer fabric starts absorbing water, it creates a water film that blocks vapor exit from the membrane outward. The shoe stops "breathing," even though the membrane remains intact. Regular renewal with DWR spray solves this problem.

For severe winters with deep snow and frosts below -15°C, it is better to choose Gore-Tex combined with Termotex insulation. Gore-Tex provides maximum protection against water under pressure (trampled snow paths, wet snow).

Nano-Tex is ideal for mild winters or the shoulder season when maximum ventilation is needed during active movement in the city. It "breathes" better but is less resistant to prolonged contact with water.

The N-SHOES range includes Grunberg models that combine both technologies for the perfect balance.

Humidity inside the shoe is not just discomfort. Wet feet lose heat 23-25 times faster due to the high thermal conductivity of water. This leads to hypothermia, lowered immunity, and risk of colds.

Constant moisture also causes skin maceration (softening), which increases friction and leads to blisters, calluses, and micro-cracks. A warm, moist environment promotes the growth of bacteria (unpleasant odor) and fungi (athlete's foot). Membrane footwear maintains an optimal microclimate, protecting foot health.

Waterproof Test: Splash water on a dry boot. If water beads up and rolls off — the DWR coating is working. If water spreads and soaks in — it's time to renew with DWR spray.

Breathability Test: After active walking (30-40 minutes), take off the shoe and feel the inner surface. If it is dry or slightly damp — the membrane is working. If it is very wet — possibly the DWR is worn out or there is micro-damage to the membrane.

Gore-Tex is a premium segment with guaranteed quality and durability. The Gore company sets strict standards for shoe manufacturers and tests every model. The warranty is usually 2 years.

Alternatives (Sympatex, ClimaProtect, proprietary brand membranes) can be very high quality for a lower price. The key is brand reputation. N-SHOES works with proven manufacturers (Grunberg, CMP, Joma), so all membrane models are reliable, regardless of membrane type.

The choice depends on budget and usage intensity. For daily city wear, Nano-Tex from Grunberg is the ideal balance of price and quality.

Classic membrane boots with insulation (Gore-Tex + Termotex) are designed for cold weather and will be stuffy in summer. However, there are summer membrane models:

Light trekking sneakers with membrane (e.g., CMP Rigel Low) — ideal for hiking in rainy weather, mountains where protection from dew and streams is needed.

Urban sneakers with Nano-Tex — work great in warm weather, protecting against sudden downpours but remaining breathable due to the open fiber structure.

Rule: for summer, choose a membrane without thick insulation, with mesh inserts for extra ventilation.