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Definition
Shoe odour is an unpleasant smell that develops inside shoes when bacteria break down sweat. Sweat itself is almost odourless: the smell appears when micro-organisms on the skin and in shoe materials process its components.
Causes
Feet have one of the highest densities of sweat glands in the body. In closed shoes sweat cannot evaporate, and warmth and moisture create ideal conditions for bacteria. Their by-products are volatile fatty acids, notably isovaleric acid, which has a distinctive pungent smell.
Role of materials
Natural leather, suede, nubuck and wool let air through and absorb moisture better than synthetics and rubber. Membranes let water vapour escape while keeping water out. A leather lining and removable insoles reduce the risk of odour.
Household methods
The most common methods are thorough drying, baking soda, charcoal, silica gel, wiping the lining with an alcohol solution, washing textile shoes and chilling them in a freezer. The choice depends on the material: water and powders are risky for suede, and high heat for leather.
When to see a doctor
If your feet sweat excessively or the smell persists despite shoe care, see a dermatologist: the cause may be hyperhidrosis or a fungal infection that needs professional treatment.
